The objective of this lab is to help students understand the concepts and internal workings of symmetric and asymmetric cryptographic algorithms. The lab enables students to explore DES and AES key generation, encryption, and decryption processes, understand the encryption and decryption mechanisms of the Twofish algorithm, and learn public key cryptography through ElGamal and the Elliptic Curve Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocol. Through simulation-based learning, students gain practical insight into how cryptographic systems secure data and communications.